地中海沿岸地区
1米
清热解毒、凉血散瘀、治感冒发热、风火牙痛、头痛、跌打扭伤、小儿急性支气管炎和支气管粘膜炎，种子为镇痉剂及驱虫剂
7-methyl nonyl ketone、methyl heptanone、methyl heptanol、methyl nonol及微量的ι-limonene及ι-pinene